真题
中国的传统节日元宵节，又称“上元节”或“小正月”，在农历正月十五庆祝。元宵节是一个充满欢乐和团聚的节日，人们会通过各种活动来庆祝，如赏花灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵等。花灯是元宵节的重要组成部分，通常由彩纸、竹条和蜡烛制成，造型多样，包括动物、植物、人物等。猜灯谜是一种智力游戏，人们在花灯上贴上谜语，供他人猜测。元宵是一种用糯米粉制成的圆形食品，通常有甜馅，如芝麻、豆沙等，象征着团圆和美满。元宵节不仅是一个庆祝活动，也是一个增进亲情和友情的时刻。
 
参考译文
The Lantern Festival, also known as the "Shangyuan Festival" or "Little New Year," is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. The Lantern Festival is a joyful and family-oriented celebration, marked by various activities such as viewing lanterns, solving lantern riddles, and eating tangyuan. Lanterns are an essential part of the festival, typically made from colored paper, bamboo strips, and candles, and come in a variety of shapes, including animals, plants, and figures. Solving lantern riddles is a kind of intellectual game where riddles are attached to lanterns for others to guess. Tangyuan is a round-shaped food made from glutinous rice flour, often with sweet fillings such as sesame paste and red bean paste, symbolizing reunion and completeness. The Lantern Festival is not only a time for celebration but also an opportunity to strengthen family and friendship bonds.
 
翻译要点分析
节日名称和时间的描述
“中国的传统节日元宵节，又称‘上元节’或‘小正月’，在农历正月十五庆祝”
翻译为：The Lantern Festival, also known as the "Shangyuan Festival" or "Little New Year," is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month。
使用“also known as”来表达“又称……”，“is celebrated on...”说明庆祝的时间。
“元宵节是一个充满欢乐和团聚的节日”
翻译为：The Lantern Festival is a joyful and family-oriented celebration。
使用“joyful and family-oriented”来表达“充满欢乐和团聚的”。
节日活动的描述
“人们会通过各种活动来庆祝，如赏花灯、猜灯谜、吃元宵等”
翻译为：marked by various activities such as viewing lanterns, solving lantern riddles, and eating tangyuan。
使用“marked by various activities such as...”来列举庆祝活动。
“花灯是元宵节的重要组成部分，通常由彩纸、竹条和蜡烛制成，造型多样，包括动物、植物、人物等”
翻译为：Lanterns are an essential part of the festival, typically made from colored paper, bamboo strips, and candles, and come in a variety of shapes, including animals, plants, and figures。
使用“essential part”来表达“重要组成部分”，“typically made from...”说明材料，“come in a variety of shapes”列举造型。
猜灯谜和元宵的描述
“猜灯谜是一种智力游戏，人们在花灯上贴上谜语，供他人猜测”
翻译为：Solving lantern riddles is a kind of intellectual game where riddles are attached to lanterns for others to guess。
使用“a kind of intellectual game”来表达“智力游戏”，“where riddles are attached to lanterns”说明具体做法。
“元宵是一种用糯米粉制成的圆形食品，通常有甜馅，如芝麻、豆沙等，象征着团圆和美满”
翻译为：Tangyuan is a round-shaped food made from glutinous rice flour, often with sweet fillings such as sesame paste and red bean paste, symbolizing reunion and completeness。
使用“round-shaped food made from glutinous rice flour”来表达“用糯米粉制成的圆形食品”，“symbolizing reunion and completeness”对应“象征着团圆和美满”。
节日意义的描述
“元宵节不仅是一个庆祝活动，也是一个增进亲情和友情的时刻”
翻译为：The Lantern Festival is not only a time for celebration but also an opportunity to strengthen family and friendship bonds。
使用“not only... but also...”结构来表达“不仅……而且……”，“strengthen family and friendship bonds”对应“增进亲情和友情”。
 
翻译技巧
使用被动语态
在描述花灯的制作和灯谜的设置时，使用被动语态（如“are attached to”），使句子更加客观。
列举法
使用“such as...”和“including...”来列举节日活动和花灯的造型，使句子更加简洁明了。
定语从句的运用
在描述猜灯谜时，使用定语从句“where riddles are attached to lanterns”来进一步说明具体做法。
固定搭配
使用“marked by”“essential part”“a kind of intellectual game”“strengthen bonds”等固定搭配，使翻译更加地道。