真题来源
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题（节选）
 
真题原文
Passage 2: The Future of Renewable Energy
As the world faces increasing environmental challenges, the shift towards renewable energy sources has become a global priority. Solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are leading the way, with many countries investing heavily in these technologies. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), renewable energy is expected to account for over 30% of the world's electricity generation by 2030.
One of the key drivers behind this transition is the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions. Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are major contributors to global warming, and their use must be significantly reduced to mitigate climate change. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, produce little to no greenhouse gases during operation, making them a more sustainable choice for the future.
However, the transition to renewable energy is not without its challenges. One major issue is the intermittent nature of some renewable sources. For example, solar power depends on sunlight, and wind power relies on wind conditions. This means that energy storage solutions, such as batteries, are crucial for ensuring a stable and continuous supply of electricity. Additionally, the infrastructure required for renewable energy projects can be expensive to build and maintain.
Despite these challenges, the benefits of renewable energy are significant. In addition to reducing carbon emissions, renewable energy can also create new job opportunities and boost local economies. For instance, the construction and maintenance of solar farms and wind turbines require a skilled workforce, which can lead to economic growth in rural areas.
Governments around the world are taking steps to support the growth of renewable energy. Many countries have implemented policies such as subsidies and tax incentives to encourage investment in renewable technologies. Some countries have also set ambitious targets for renewable energy adoption, aiming to achieve a high percentage of renewable energy in their electricity grids by a specific date.
In conclusion, the future of renewable energy looks promising, despite the challenges that lie ahead. With continued technological advancements and supportive government policies, renewable energy has the potential to play a major role in addressing the world's energy needs while protecting the environment.
 
翻译
第二篇：可再生能源的未来
随着全球环境挑战的加剧，向可再生能源的转变已成为全球优先事项。太阳能、风能和水电能处于领先地位，许多国家正在大力投资这些技术。根据国际能源署（IEA）的预测，到2030年，可再生能源预计将占全球电力生产的30%以上。
推动这一转型的关键因素之一是迫切需要减少碳排放。煤炭和石油等化石燃料是全球变暖的主要贡献者，必须大幅减少其使用，以减缓气候变化。另一方面，可再生能源在运行过程中几乎不产生温室气体，使其成为未来更可持续的选择。
然而，向可再生能源的转型并非没有挑战。一个主要问题是某些可再生能源的间歇性。例如，太阳能依赖阳光，风能依赖风况。这意味着储能解决方案（如电池）对于确保稳定和持续的电力供应至关重要。此外，可再生能源项目所需的基础设施建设和维护成本高昂。
尽管存在这些挑战，可再生能源的好处是显著的。除了减少碳排放外，可再生能源还可以创造新的就业机会并推动当地经济发展。例如，太阳能电站和风力涡轮机的建设和维护需要熟练的劳动力，这可以促进农村地区的经济增长。
世界各国政府正在采取措施支持可再生能源的增长。许多国家实施了补贴和税收优惠政策，以鼓励对可再生能源技术的投资。一些国家还设定了雄心勃勃的可再生能源采用目标，旨在在特定日期前实现其电力网络中高比例的可再生能源。
总之，尽管面临挑战，可再生能源的未来看起来很有希望。随着技术的持续进步和政府的支持政策，可再生能源有望在满足全球能源需求的同时保护环境方面发挥重要作用。
 
阅读理解题目
What is the main reason for the global shift towards renewable energy?
A. The high cost of fossil fuels
B. The need to reduce carbon emissions
C. The availability of new technologies
D. The desire to create more jobs
Which of the following is a challenge mentioned in the passage regarding renewable energy?
A. The difficulty in storing energy
B. The lack of skilled workforce
C. The high cost of fossil fuels
D. The limited availability of sunlight
What is one benefit of renewable energy mentioned in the passage?
A. It reduces the need for electricity storage
B. It creates new job opportunities
C. It eliminates the need for government support
D. It ensures a continuous supply of electricity
What measures are governments taking to support renewable energy?
A. Reducing taxes on fossil fuels
B. Providing subsidies and tax incentives
C. Limiting the construction of renewable energy projects
D. Increasing the use of traditional energy sources
What can be inferred about the future of renewable energy from the passage?
A. It will face significant technological challenges
B. It will replace all traditional energy sources
C. It will play a major role in addressing global energy needs
D. It will be too expensive to implement on a large scale
 
题目解析
正确答案：B
解析：文章指出，全球向可再生能源转型的关键因素是迫切需要减少碳排放。化石燃料是全球变暖的主要贡献者，因此减少其使用是应对气候变化的必要措施。选项B“需要减少碳排放”是正确的。选项A“化石燃料成本高”并未在文中提及；选项C“新技术的可用性”虽然与可再生能源相关，但不是主要原因；选项D“创造更多就业机会”是可再生能源的一个好处，而不是转型的主要原因。
 
正确答案：A
解析：文章提到，可再生能源的一个主要挑战是某些能源的间歇性，例如太阳能依赖阳光，风能依赖风况。因此，储能解决方案（如电池）对于确保稳定和持续的电力供应至关重要。选项A“储能的困难”是正确的。选项B“缺乏熟练劳动力”并未在文中提及；选项C“化石燃料成本高”与挑战无关；选项D“阳光有限”只是太阳能的一个特点，而不是整体挑战。
 
正确答案：B
解析：文章提到，可再生能源的好处之一是可以创造新的就业机会并推动当地经济发展。例如，太阳能电站和风力涡轮机的建设和维护需要熟练的劳动力，这可以促进农村地区的经济增长。因此，选项B“创造新的就业机会”是正确的。选项A“减少对电力存储的需求”与文中提到的储能挑战相反；选项C“消除对政府支持的需求”并未在文中提及；选项D“确保持续的电力供应”是储能解决方案的作用，而不是可再生能源的直接好处。
 
正确答案：B
解析：文章指出，许多国家实施了补贴和税收优惠政策，以鼓励对可再生能源技术的投资。因此，选项B“提供补贴和税收优惠”是正确的。选项A“减少对化石燃料的税收”与支持可再生能源无关；选项C“限制可再生能源项目的建设”与文中提到的支持措施相反；选项D“增加传统能源的使用”也与支持可再生能源的目标不符。
 
正确答案：C
解析：文章总结指出，尽管面临挑战，可再生能源的未来很有希望。随着技术的持续进步和政府的支持政策，可再生能源有望在满足全球能源需求的同时保护环境方面发挥重要作用。因此，选项C“它将在解决全球能源需求方面发挥重要作用”是正确的。选项A“它将面临重大的技术挑战”虽然正确，但不是对未来的主要推断；选项B“它将取代所有传统能源”过于绝对，文中并未提及；选项D“它将过于昂贵而无法大规模实施”与文中提到的政府支持措施相矛盾。
 
翻译与词汇解析
renewable energy：可再生能源
例句：Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy.（太阳能和风能是可再生能源的例子。）
carbon emissions：碳排放
例句：Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for fighting climate change.（减少碳排放对抗击气候变化至关重要。）
intermittent：间歇性的
例句：Solar power is an intermittent energy source because it depends on sunlight.（太阳能是一种间歇性能源，因为它依赖阳光。）
infrastructure：基础设施
例句：Building renewable energy infrastructure requires significant investment.（建设可再生能源基础设施需要大量的投资。）
sustainable：可持续的
例句：Renewable energy sources are more sustainable than fossil fuels.（可再生能源比化石燃料更可持续。）
subsidies：补贴
例句：The government provides subsidies to support renewable energy projects.（政府提供补贴以支持可再生能源项目。）
tax incentives：税收优惠
例句：Tax incentives encourage businesses to invest in renewable technologies.（税收优惠鼓励企业投资可再生能源技术。）
mitigate：缓解
例句：We need to mitigate the impacts of climate change.（我们需要缓解气候变化的影响。）