一、背景信息推断题的考查目标
背景信息推断题是四六级听力考试中较为复杂的一种题型，主要考查考生对听力材料中隐含背景信息的理解和推断能力。这类题目要求考生不仅能够理解材料的表面内容，还需要通过细节信息推断出对话或短文的背景、场景或相关背景知识。这类题目通常出现在长对话和短文理解部分。
 
二、背景信息推断题的常见问法
What is the background of the conversation/passage?
（对话/短文的背景是什么？）
What can be inferred about the situation/context?
（可以推断出什么情境/背景？）
What is the setting of the conversation/passage?
（对话/短文的场景是什么？）
What can be inferred about the relationship between the speakers?
（可以推断出说话者之间的关系是什么？）
 
三、背景信息推断题的解题策略
 
（一）捕捉关键词和短语
背景信息往往通过对话或短文中的关键词和短语暗示。考生需要快速捕捉这些线索，并通过它们推断出背景信息。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I can't believe they closed the old theater. It was such a historic place.
Man: Yeah, it's really sad. I remember watching my first movie there when I was a kid.”
题目：
What can be inferred about the background of the conversation?
选项：
A) The theater is being renovated.
B) The theater has been closed.
C) The theater is about to open.
D) The theater is hosting a special event.
解析：
对话中提到“closed the old theater”和“historic place”，表明剧院已经关闭，因此答案是 B) The theater has been closed。
 
（二）结合上下文理解
背景信息推断题的答案通常需要结合对话或短文的整体内容来判断。考生需要通过上下文理解说话者的意图和隐含信息。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I heard the new policy is going to affect a lot of people.
Man: Yeah, especially those who rely on public transportation.”
题目：
What can be inferred about the background of the new policy?
选项：
A) It will improve public transportation.
B) It will increase the cost of public transportation.
C) It will reduce the number of public transportation users.
D) It will have no impact on public transportation.
解析：
男士提到“affect a lot of people”和“especially those who rely on public transportation”，暗示新政策可能会对依赖公共交通的人产生不利影响，因此答案是 B) It will increase the cost of public transportation。
 
（三）识别隐含背景信息
说话者有时不会直接表达背景信息，而是通过暗示或间接表达来传达。考生需要通过对话中的线索推断出隐含的背景信息。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I'm really worried about the exam tomorrow.
Man: Don't worry. You've been studying really hard. I'm sure you'll do great.”
题目：
What can be inferred about the background of the conversation?
选项：
A) The woman is confident about the exam.
B) The man is worried about the woman.
C) The woman has been studying for a long time.
D) The man is also taking the exam.
解析：
女士提到“worried about the exam”，而男士提到“You've been studying really hard”，表明女士一直在为考试做准备，因此答案是 C) The woman has been studying for a long time。
 
（四）排除干扰选项
背景信息推断题的干扰选项往往是对话中的表面信息或无关内容。考生需要通过逻辑推理排除这些干扰选项，选择最符合材料整体逻辑的答案。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I can't believe it's already December. I haven't started shopping for Christmas gifts yet.
Man: Don't worry. There's still plenty of time. You can start next week.”
题目：
What can be inferred about the background of the conversation?
选项：
A) The woman has finished shopping for Christmas gifts.
B) The man is reminding the woman to start shopping.
C) The woman is worried about not having enough time.
D) The man is also shopping for Christmas gifts.
解析：
女士提到“haven't started shopping”和“worried”，表明她担心没有足够的时间，因此答案是 C) The woman is worried about not having enough time。
 
四、实战练习
以下是一个实战练习，帮助你掌握背景信息推断题的解题技巧：
 
听力材料：
“Woman: I'm so glad we decided to come here. The food is amazing!
Man: Yeah, and the service is great too. I'll definitely come back.”
题目：
What can be inferred about the background of the conversation?
选项：
A) The speakers are at a restaurant.
B) The speakers are at a movie theater.
C) The speakers are at a concert.
D) The speakers are at a museum.
解析：
对话中提到“food”和“service”，表明这是一个提供食物和服务的地方，因此答案是 A) The speakers are at a restaurant。
 
背景信息推断题考查的是考生对听力材料中隐含背景信息的理解和逻辑推理能力。通过捕捉关键词和短语、结合上下文理解、识别隐含背景信息以及排除干扰选项，考生可以更准确地解答这类题目。希望这些技巧能帮助你在四六级听力考试中更好地应对背景信息推断题。下一讲，我们将继续分享更多实用的听力技巧，助力你的备考。