一、引言
例证题是大学英语四六级阅读中的一种常见题型，主要考察考生对文章中举例说明部分的理解和分析能力。这类题目要求考生能够识别文章中的例子，并理解这些例子是如何支持文章观点的。今天，我们将重点探讨例证题的解题策略，并结合真题进行详细解析。
 
二、例证题的特点
例证题通常要求考生根据文章中的例子推断出作者的观点或文章的主旨。这类题目常见的提问方式包括：
What is the purpose of the example mentioned in the passage?
What does the example illustrate?
How does the example support the author's argument?
这类题目要求考生不仅关注例子本身，还要理解例子与文章观点之间的关系。
 
三、解题策略
识别例子
标志词：注意文章中的标志词，如“for example”“for instance”“such as”“take...as an example”等，这些词通常引出例子。
具体事例：注意文章中提到的具体人物、事件、数据等，这些内容往往是用来支持观点的例子。
理解例子与观点的关系
前文观点：找到例子之前的观点或论断，通常例子是为了支持前面的观点。
后文解释：有时例子之后会有进一步的解释或说明，帮助理解例子与观点的关系。
总结性语句：注意段落的总结性语句，这些句子通常可以反映例子与观点之间的关系。
排除干扰选项
无关细节：有些选项可能只是对例子本身的描述，而没有涉及例子与观点的关系。
片面理解：有些选项可能只基于例子的某个方面进行推断，而忽略了其他重要信息。
逻辑不符：有些选项可能与例子与观点之间的关系不符。
 
四、真题解析
以2023年6月大学英语四级阅读真题为例（部分题目）：
文章节选（来源题目：2023年6月CET-4阅读真题）：
In recent years, the trend of urban gardening has gained popularity in many cities around the world. Urban gardening refers to the practice of growing plants and vegetables in urban areas, such as rooftops, balconies, and community gardens. For example, in New York City, many residents have turned their rooftops into lush green gardens, not only beautifying the cityscape but also providing fresh produce for local communities. This trend has many benefits, including improving air quality, reducing urban heat, and promoting community engagement.
题目：
What is the purpose of the example of New York City in the passage?
A) To show the popularity of urban gardening in New York City.
B) To illustrate the benefits of urban gardening.
C) To compare urban gardening in New York City with other cities.
D) To describe the types of plants grown in urban gardens.
解析：
识别例子：文章中提到“for example, in New York City, many residents have turned their rooftops into lush green gardens...”，这是一个典型的例子。
理解例子与观点的关系：例子之前提到“urban gardening refers to the practice of growing plants and vegetables in urban areas...”，例子之后提到“this trend has many benefits...”，表明例子是为了说明城市园艺的好处。
排除干扰选项：
A) To show the popularity of urban gardening in New York City：虽然例子提到了纽约市的城市园艺，但主要目的是说明好处，而不是仅仅展示其流行程度。
B) To illustrate the benefits of urban gardening：符合文章内容，正确答案。
C) To compare urban gardening in New York City with other cities：文章中没有提到与其他城市的比较。
D) To describe the types of plants grown in urban gardens：文章中没有提到植物的种类。
 
How does the example of New York City support the author's argument?
A) By showing the economic benefits of urban gardening.
B) By demonstrating the environmental and social benefits of urban gardening.
C) By proving that urban gardening is only possible in large cities.
D) By arguing that urban gardening is more important than traditional farming.
解析：
理解例子与观点的关系：例子提到“many residents have turned their rooftops into lush green gardens, not only beautifying the cityscape but also providing fresh produce for local communities”，这与后文提到的“improving air quality, reducing urban heat, and promoting community engagement”相呼应。
排除干扰选项：
A) By showing the economic benefits of urban gardening：文章中没有提到经济利益。
B) By demonstrating the environmental and social benefits of urban gardening：符合文章内容，正确答案。
C) By proving that urban gardening is only possible in large cities：文章中没有提到这一点。
D) By arguing that urban gardening is more important than traditional farming：文章中没有提到这一点。
 
五、总结
例证题的解题关键在于识别文章中的例子，并理解这些例子是如何支持文章观点的。通过识别标志词、理解例子与观点的关系以及排除干扰选项，可以有效提高解题的准确率。在平时练习中，建议多读多练，培养对文章结构和逻辑关系的敏感度。