真题来源
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题（节选）
 
真题原文
Passage 7: The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture
Climate change is having a profound impact on global agriculture, affecting crop yields, food security, and rural livelihoods. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are altering the conditions under which crops are grown, making it more challenging for farmers to maintain productivity.
One of the most significant effects of climate change on agriculture is the reduction in crop yields. Higher temperatures can lead to heat stress in plants, reducing their growth and productivity. In addition, changes in rainfall patterns can cause droughts in some regions and floods in others, both of which are detrimental to crop production. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, many areas are experiencing prolonged droughts that have severely impacted food production, leading to food shortages and increased hunger.
Another impact of climate change is the spread of pests and diseases. Warmer temperatures and changing humidity levels can create more favorable conditions for pests and pathogens, leading to increased crop damage. This not only reduces yields but also increases the cost of pest control for farmers, further straining their resources.
To address these challenges, farmers and scientists are developing new strategies to adapt to climate change. One approach is the development of climate-resilient crops that can withstand higher temperatures and water stress. Genetic engineering and traditional breeding techniques are being used to create varieties of crops that are more tolerant to heat, drought, and pests. Additionally, sustainable farming practices, such as crop rotation and agroforestry, are being promoted to improve soil health and reduce vulnerability to climate change.
Governments and international organizations are also playing a crucial role in supporting agricultural adaptation to climate change. They are providing financial assistance, technical support, and policy frameworks to help farmers implement new technologies and practices. For example, some countries are offering subsidies for the adoption of drought-resistant crops and the use of water-efficient irrigation systems.
In conclusion, climate change poses significant challenges to agriculture, but through innovation and collaboration, it is possible to develop solutions that can help maintain food security and support rural communities in the face of a changing climate.
 
翻译
第七篇：气候变化对农业的影响
气候变化正在对全球农业产生深远影响，影响作物产量、粮食安全和农村生计。气温上升、降水模式变化以及极端天气事件的增加正在改变农作物的种植条件，使农民维持生产力变得更加困难。
气候变化对农业最显著的影响之一是作物产量的减少。高温可能导致植物热应激，降低其生长和生产力。此外，降水模式的变化可能导致某些地区的干旱和另一些地区的洪水，两者都对农作物生产有害。例如，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，许多地区经历了长期干旱，严重影响了粮食生产，导致粮食短缺和饥饿加剧。
气候变化的另一个影响是病虫害的传播。气温升高和湿度变化为害虫和病原体创造了更有利的条件，导致农作物受损增加。这不仅降低了产量，还增加了农民的病虫害防治成本，进一步加重了他们的负担。
为应对这些挑战，农民和科学家正在开发适应气候变化的新策略。一种方法是开发能够承受高温和水分胁迫的气候适应型作物。通过基因工程和传统育种技术，正在培育出更耐热、耐旱和耐虫害的作物品种。此外，可持续农业实践，如轮作和农林复合经营，正在被推广以改善土壤健康并减少对气候变化的脆弱性。
政府和国际组织也在支持农业适应气候变化方面发挥着关键作用。他们提供财政援助、技术支持和政策框架，帮助农民采用新技术和实践。例如，一些国家为采用耐旱作物和使用节水灌溉系统的农民提供补贴。
总之，气候变化对农业提出了重大挑战，但通过创新和合作，有可能开发出帮助维持粮食安全和支持农村社区应对气候变化的解决方案。
 
阅读理解题目
What is the main impact of climate change on agriculture discussed in the passage?
A. Increased crop yields
B. Reduced crop yields
C. Improved farming techniques
D. Increased food security
Which of the following is a consequence of climate change mentioned in the passage?
A. Increased rainfall in all regions
B. Spread of pests and diseases
C. Decreased cost of pest control
D. Improved soil health
What strategy is mentioned to help crops adapt to climate change?
A. Developing climate-resilient crops
B. Increasing the use of chemical fertilizers
C. Expanding urban agriculture
D. Reducing the size of farms
What support are governments providing to farmers to address climate change?
A. Financial assistance and technical support
B. Restrictions on the use of irrigation systems
C. Encouragement to use traditional farming methods
D. Increased taxes on agricultural products
What can be inferred about the future of agriculture in the face of climate change?
A. It will become easier to maintain food security
B. It will require innovative solutions and collaboration
C. It will rely solely on government support
D. It will not be affected by climate change
 
题目解析
正确答案：B
解析：文章指出，气候变化对农业的主要影响之一是作物产量的减少。高温和降水模式的变化导致植物生长受限和农作物受损。因此，选项B“减少的作物产量”是正确的。选项A“增加的作物产量”与文章内容相反；选项C“改进的农业技术”和选项D“增加的粮食安全”都不是文章讨论的主要影响。
 
正确答案：B
解析：文章提到，气候变化导致病虫害的传播，因为更高的温度和湿度变化为害虫和病原体创造了更有利的条件。因此，选项B“病虫害的传播”是正确的。选项A“所有地区的降雨增加”与文章内容不符，文章提到降水模式的变化可能导致某些地区干旱；选项C“病虫害防治成本降低”与文章内容相反；选项D“改善的土壤健康”是应对气候变化的策略之一，而不是后果。
 
正确答案：A
解析：文章提到，为应对气候变化，科学家正在开发能够承受高温和水分胁迫的气候适应型作物。因此，选项A“开发气候适应型作物”是正确的。选项B“增加化学肥料的使用”未在文中提及；选项C“扩大城市农业”和选项D“减少农场规模”也未在文中提及。
 
正确答案：A
解析：文章指出，政府和国际组织正在提供财政援助、技术支持和政策框架，帮助农民采用新技术和实践。因此，选项A“财政援助和技术支持”是正确的。选项B“限制灌溉系统的使用”与文章内容相反，文章提到一些国家为采用节水灌溉系统的农民提供补贴；选项C“鼓励使用传统农业方法”未在文中提及；选项D“增加农产品的税收”也未在文中提及。
 
正确答案：B
解析：文章总结指出，气候变化对农业提出了重大挑战，但通过创新和合作，有可能开发出帮助维持粮食安全和支持农村社区的解决方案。因此，选项B“需要创新解决方案和合作”是正确的。选项A“维持粮食安全将变得更容易”与文章内容不符；选项C“完全依赖政府支持”过于绝对，文章提到农民、科学家和政府的共同努力；选项D“不受气候变化影响”与文章内容相反。
 
翻译与词汇解析
climate change：气候变化
例句：Climate change is affecting agriculture worldwide.（气候变化正在影响全球农业。）
crop yield：作物产量
例句：Droughts can lead to reduced crop yields.（干旱可能导致作物产量减少。）
extreme weather events：极端天气事件
例句：Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent due to climate change.（由于气候变化，极端天气事件变得更加频繁。）
pests and diseases：病虫害
例句：Warmer temperatures can lead to the spread of pests and diseases.（更高的温度可能导致病虫害的传播。）
resilient：适应性强的
例句：Climate-resilient crops can withstand harsh conditions.（气候适应型作物能够承受恶劣条件。）
agroforestry：农林复合经营
例句：Agroforestry can improve soil health and reduce vulnerability to climate change.（农林复合经营可以改善土壤健康并减少对气候变化的脆弱性。）
food security：粮食安全
例句：Climate change poses challenges to global food security.（气候变化对全球粮食安全构成挑战。）
technical support：技术支持
例句：Governments provide technical support to help farmers adapt to climate change.（政府提供技术支持以