真题来源
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题（节选）
 
真题原文
Passage 6: The Role of Urban Planning in Sustainable Development
Urban planning is a critical tool for achieving sustainable development in cities around the world. As urban populations continue to grow, effective planning is essential to ensure that cities can accommodate their residents while minimizing environmental impact and promoting social equity. According to the United Nations, by 2050, nearly 70% of the global population will live in urban areas, making urban planning more important than ever.
One of the primary goals of urban planning is to create sustainable and livable cities. This involves designing urban spaces that are environmentally friendly, economically viable, and socially inclusive. For example, planners aim to reduce urban sprawl by promoting compact and mixed-use development, which can decrease the need for long commutes and reduce carbon emissions. Additionally, green infrastructure such as parks, green roofs, and permeable pavements can help mitigate the urban heat island effect and improve air quality.
Urban planning also plays a crucial role in addressing social issues. By creating diverse and inclusive neighborhoods, planners can promote social cohesion and reduce inequality. Affordable housing initiatives, for example, can ensure that low-income residents have access to quality housing in desirable locations. Public transportation systems can provide equitable access to jobs and services, reducing the reliance on private vehicles and improving mobility for all residents.
However, urban planning faces significant challenges in achieving these goals. One major issue is the lack of coordination between different levels of government and various stakeholders. Effective urban planning requires collaboration among city officials, developers, community organizations, and residents. Additionally, financial constraints and limited resources can hinder the implementation of ambitious planning projects.
To overcome these challenges, cities are adopting innovative approaches to urban planning. Some cities are using data-driven strategies to inform their planning decisions, leveraging big data and analytics to optimize land use and transportation systems. Others are engaging in participatory planning processes, involving residents in the planning and design of their neighborhoods to ensure that plans reflect community needs and priorities.
In conclusion, urban planning is essential for creating sustainable and equitable cities. While challenges remain, innovative approaches and collaborative efforts can help cities achieve their sustainability goals and improve the quality of life for all residents.
 
翻译
第六篇：城市规划在可持续发展中的作用
城市规划是实现全球城市可持续发展的关键工具。随着城市人口的持续增长，有效的规划对于确保城市能够容纳居民，同时最大限度地减少环境影响并促进社会公平至关重要。根据联合国的预测，到2050年，全球近70%的人口将居住在城市地区，这使得城市规划比以往任何时候都更为重要。
城市规划的主要目标之一是创建可持续和宜居的城市。这包括设计环保、经济可行且社会包容的城市空间。例如，规划者通过促进紧凑型和混合用途开发来减少城市扩张，从而减少长距离通勤的需求并降低碳排放。此外，绿色基础设施（如公园、绿色屋顶和透水路面）可以帮助缓解城市热岛效应并改善空气质量。
城市规划在解决社会问题方面也发挥着关键作用。通过创建多样化和包容性的社区，规划者可以促进社会凝聚力并减少不平等。例如，经济适用房计划可以确保低收入居民能够在理想位置获得高质量住房。公共交通系统可以为所有人提供公平的就业和服务获取途径，减少对私家车的依赖并改善居民的出行能力。
然而，城市规划在实现这些目标方面面临着重大挑战。一个主要问题是不同层级政府和利益相关者之间缺乏协调。有效的城市规划需要城市官员、开发商、社区组织和居民之间的合作。此外，财政限制和有限的资源可能会阻碍雄心勃勃的规划项目的实施。
为克服这些挑战，城市正在采用创新的城市规划方法。一些城市正在利用数据驱动的策略来指导其规划决策，利用大数据和分析技术优化土地利用和交通系统。其他城市则参与了参与式规划过程，让居民参与其社区的规划和设计，以确保规划反映社区的需求和优先事项。
总之，城市规划对于创建可持续和公平的城市至关重要。尽管仍存在挑战，但创新方法和协作努力可以帮助城市实现其可持续发展目标，并改善所有居民的生活质量。
 
阅读理解题目
What is the main purpose of urban planning according to the passage?
A. To increase urban populations
B. To promote economic growth
C. To achieve sustainable development
D. To expand city boundaries
Which of the following is a strategy used in urban planning to reduce environmental impact?
A. Promoting urban sprawl
B. Building more highways
C. Developing green infrastructure
D. Increasing industrial zones
What is a social benefit of urban planning mentioned in the passage?
A. Increased social cohesion
B. Higher property values
C. Improved technological innovation
D. Enhanced economic competition
What is a challenge faced by urban planners according to the passage?
A. The lack of public interest in planning
B. The difficulty in coordinating different stakeholders
C. The high cost of urban development
D. The complexity of data analysis
What can be inferred about the future of urban planning from the passage?
A. It will become less relevant as cities grow
B. It will rely more on data-driven strategies
C. It will focus solely on environmental issues
D. It will eliminate the need for public transportation
 
题目解析
正确答案：C
解析：文章指出，城市规划是实现全球城市可持续发展的关键工具，其主要目标是创建可持续和宜居的城市。因此，选项C“实现可持续发展”是正确的。
正确答案：C
解析：文章提到，城市规划通过开发绿色基础设施（如公园、绿色屋顶和透水路面）来减少环境影响。因此，选项C“开发绿色基础设施”是正确的。
正确答案：A
解析：文章指出，城市规划通过创建多样化和包容性的社区来促进社会凝聚力并减少不平等。因此，选项A“增强社会凝聚力”是正确的。
正确答案：B
解析：文章提到，城市规划面临的一个主要挑战是不同层级政府和利益相关者之间缺乏协调。因此，选项B“协调不同利益相关者的困难”是正确的。
正确答案：B
解析：文章总结指出，城市正在采用数据驱动的策略来指导其规划决策，这表明未来城市规划将更多地依赖数据驱动的策略。因此，选项B“将更多依赖数据驱动的策略”是正确的。
 
翻译与词汇解析
urban planning：城市规划
例句：Urban planning is essential for sustainable development.（城市规划对于可持续发展至关重要。）
sustainable development：可持续发展
例句：Effective planning ensures sustainable development in cities.（有效的规划确保城市的可持续发展。）
green infrastructure：绿色基础设施
例句：Green infrastructure can improve air quality.（绿色基础设施可以改善空气质量。）
social cohesion：社会凝聚力
例句：Diverse neighborhoods promote social cohesion.（多样化的社区促进社会凝聚力。）
data-driven strategies：数据驱动策略
例句：Cities use data-driven strategies to optimize land use.（城市利用数据驱动的策略来优化土地利用。）