大学英语四六级语法篇---复合句中的从句连接词与逻辑关系
2025-02-21 00:25
来源:新东方四六级网
作者:新东方四六级网
一、复合句的定义
复合句(Complex Sentence)是由一个主句(主句)和一个或多个从句(从句)构成的句子。从句在复合句中不能独立存在,需要依附于主句,并通过连接词(从属连词或关系词)与主句连接。复合句中的从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句。
二、复合句中的连接词
复合句中的连接词是连接主句和从句的关键,它们决定了从句的类型和功能。以下是复合句中常见的连接词及其逻辑关系。
1. 名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句的连接词包括:
that(无实际意义,不作成分,但通常不能省略)
例句:I believe that he is honest.(我相信他是诚实的。)
whether/if(表示“是否”,用于宾语从句)
例句:I don't know if he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。)
连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, which)和连接副词(when, where, why, how)
例句:I don't know who he is.(我不知道他是谁。)
例句:He told me when he would leave.(他告诉我他什么时候离开。)
2. 定语从句的连接词
定语从句修饰名词或代词,通常由关系代词或关系副词引导:
关系代词
who/whom/whose(指人)
例句:The man who is talking to John is my uncle.(正在和约翰说话的那个人是我的叔叔。)
which(指物)
例句:The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。)
that(指人或物)
例句:The gift that she gave me is very beautiful.(她送给我的礼物非常漂亮。)
关系副词
when(指时间)
例句:I will never forget the day when we first met.(我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。)
where(指地点)
例句:This is the place where I grew up.(这就是我长大的地方。)
why(指原因,修饰reason)
例句:The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。)
3. 状语从句的连接词
状语从句在句子中充当状语,表示时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、比较等。状语从句的连接词包括:
时间状语从句
when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as
例句:When I arrived, he had already left.(我到达时,他已经离开了。)
地点状语从句
where, wherever
例句:Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者,事竟成。)
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for
例句:He didn't come because he was ill.(他没来是因为他生病了。)
结果状语从句
so...that, such...that
例句:He is so tall that he can reach the top shelf.(他很高,能够到最高层的架子。)
条件状语从句
if, unless, as long as
例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。)
让步状语从句
although, though, even if, even though
例句:Although it was raining, they still went out.(尽管下雨,他们还是出去了。)
比较状语从句
as...as, not as...as, than
例句:He is not as tall as his brother.(他没有他哥哥高。)
三、复合句中的逻辑关系
复合句中的从句与主句之间存在不同的逻辑关系,这些关系通过连接词来体现:
因果关系
例句:Because it was raining, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,所以我们待在家里。)
连接词:because, since, as, for, so
时间关系
例句:When I arrived, he had already left.(我到达时,他已经离开了。)
连接词:when, while, as, after, before, since, until
条件关系
例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。)
连接词:if, unless, as long as
让步关系
例句:Although it was raining, they still went out.(尽管下雨,他们还是出去了。)
连接词:although, though, even if, even though
结果关系
例句:He is so tall that he can reach the top shelf.(他很高,能够到最高层的架子。)
连接词:so...that, such...that
比较关系
例句:He is not as tall as his brother.(他没有他哥哥高。)
连接词:as...as, not as...as, than
四、复合句的练习
I don't know ________ he will come.
A. that
B. if
C. when
D. where
答案:B(引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。)
The book ________ I bought yesterday is very interesting.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. where
答案:A 或 B(关系代词作宾语,可以省略。)
I will never forget the day ________ we first met.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. why
答案:A(关系副词表示时间。)
He is so tall ________ he can reach the top shelf.
A. that
B. so that
C. such that
D. as to
答案:A(结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”。)
Although it was raining, ________ they still went out.
A. but
B. and
C. so
D. /
答案:D(让步状语从句中,although 和 but 不能同时使用。)
五、总结
复合句是由主句和从句构成的句子,从句通过连接词与主句连接,表达不同的逻辑关系。掌握名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词及其逻辑关系,可以帮助你更清晰地表达复杂的意思。希望这篇文章能帮助你更好地理解和运用复合句。
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