一、目的与动机类推理判断题的考查目标
目的与动机类推理判断题是四六级听力考试中较为关键的题型之一，主要考查考生对说话者行为、言论或决策背后的目的和动机的理解能力。这类题目要求考生不仅能够理解材料的表面信息，还需要通过细节和上下文推断出说话者的真实意图。这类题目通常出现在长对话和短文理解部分。
 
二、目的与动机类推理判断题的常见问法
What is the speaker's purpose in saying this?
（说话者说这番话的目的是什么？）
What is the main reason for the speaker's decision?
（说话者做出这一决定的主要原因是什么？）
What can be inferred about the speaker's motivation?
（可以推断出说话者的动机是什么？）
Why did the speaker do...?
（说话者为什么要做……？）
 
三、目的与动机类推理判断题的解题策略
 
（一）关注直接表达的目的
在对话或短文中，说话者有时会直接表达自己的目的或动机。考生需要快速捕捉这些直接信息，以便准确判断其意图。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I'm planning to take a gap year before I start college.
Man: That sounds like a great idea. You can travel and gain some life experience.”
题目：
What is the woman's purpose in taking a gap year?
选项：
A) To travel and gain life experience.
B) To earn more money.
C) To avoid going to college.
D) To find a job.
解析：
女士提到“travel and gain some life experience”，表明她休学一年的目的是为了旅行和积累人生经验，因此答案是 A) To travel and gain life experience。
 
（二）通过上下文推断隐含目的
有时说话者的目的是隐含的，需要结合对话或短文的整体内容来推断。考生需要通过上下文理解说话者的意图和动机。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I think we should go to the movies tonight. The new film is supposed to be great.
Man: I don't think that's a good idea. I have a lot of work to do.”
题目：
What is the man's purpose in saying this?
选项：
A) To suggest going to the movies later.
B) To refuse the invitation.
C) To express his love for the new film.
D) To complain about his work.
解析：
男士提到“I have a lot of work to do”，表明他的目的是婉拒邀请，因此答案是 B) To refuse the invitation。
 
（三）注意语气和措辞
说话者的语气和措辞往往能透露出其真实动机。例如，反问句、虚拟语气、强调句等通常都带有特定的意图。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: Do you think I should apply for this job?
Man: Well, if I were you, I would definitely give it a try.”
题目：
What is the man's purpose in saying this?
选项：
A) To discourage the woman from applying.
B) To encourage the woman to apply.
C) To express his uncertainty.
D) To show his indifference.
解析：
男士提到“definitely give it a try”，表明他的目的是鼓励女士申请工作，因此答案是 B) To encourage the woman to apply。
 
（四）识别行为背后的动机
在某些题目中，考生需要推断说话者的行为动机，而不仅仅是表面的意图。这需要考生结合对话中的细节和逻辑关系进行分析。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I can't believe I missed the bus again! This is the third time this week.
Man: Maybe you should leave home earlier.”
题目：
What is the man's purpose in saying this?
选项：
A) To suggest the woman leave home earlier.
B) To criticize the woman for being late.
C) To show sympathy for the woman.
D) To complain about the bus schedule.
解析：
男士提到“Maybe you should leave home earlier”，表明他的目的是建议女士早点出门，因此答案是 A) To suggest the woman leave home earlier。
 
（五）排除干扰选项
目的与动机类题目中，干扰选项往往是对话中的表面信息或无关内容。考生需要通过逻辑推理排除这些干扰选项，选择最符合材料整体逻辑的答案。
示例：
听力材料：
“Woman: I heard the new policy requires all employees to work from the office.
Man: Yeah, but I think it's a bad idea. Many people have already adjusted to remote work.”
题目：
What is the man's purpose in saying this?
选项：
A) To support the new policy.
B) To oppose the new policy.
C) To suggest an alternative policy.
D) To express his preference for remote work.
解析：
男士提到“I think it's a bad idea”，表明他的目的是反对新政策，因此答案是 B) To oppose the new policy。
 
四、实战练习
以下是一个实战练习，帮助你掌握目的与动机类推理判断题的解题技巧：
 
听力材料：
“Woman: I'm thinking of taking a cooking class this summer. What do you think?
Man: That sounds like a great idea. I've always wanted to learn how to cook Italian food.”
题目：
What is the man's purpose in saying this?
选项：
A) To encourage the woman to take the class.
B) To express his interest in cooking.
C) To suggest taking the class together.
D) To show off his cooking skills.
解析：
男士提到“That sounds like a great idea”（鼓励）和“I've always wanted to learn how to cook Italian food”（表达自己的兴趣），暗示他可能想一起参加课程，因此答案是 C) To suggest taking the class together。
 
目的与动机类推理判断题考查的是考生对说话者真实意图和行为动机的理解能力。通过关注直接表达的目的、通过上下文推断隐含目的、注意语气和措辞、识别行为背后的动机以及排除干扰选项，考生可以更准确地解答这类题目。希望这些技巧能帮助你在四六级听力考试中更好地应对目的与动机类推理判断题。下一讲，我们将继续分享更多实用的听力技巧，助力你的备考。