虽然辛辣食物会刺激口内黏膜，让人舌头发麻、嘴巴冒火，浑身冒汗，但很多人认为吃辣是 “痛并快乐的”，甚至 “无辣不欢”。辣椒是世界各地许多菜肴中的关键成分。本期节目从科学和历史两方面分析人们热衷吃辣的原因。

词汇：sensation 感受

You know the feeling – your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb, you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You've just eaten something spicy knowing it would be painful, and, yet, you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic, or is there something else going on? The answer lies in both science and history.

Let's start with the science. Spicy isn't actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour and bitter – it’s a sensation. This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chilli peppers called 'capsaicin'. When we eat foods containing capsaicin, our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure – like painkillers.

This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chilli does not physically harm us. Furthermore, we derive pleasure from the other ingredients chilli is generally cooked and eaten with – including fat, sugar and salt. So – like skydiving – eating chilli is a form of thrill-seeking or 'benign masochism', where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.

This masochistic relationship with capsaicin has been a long one, starting in the Andes of South America, where chilli peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin so, archaeological evidence suggests, they started cultivating chilli peppers about six thousand years ago. Human intervention changed the chilli pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper's colour, size and capsaicin content – helping to explain the many different types of chilli peppers now available.

Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chilli pepper is going strong. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chilli is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. Maybe we are masochistic after all.

词汇表

go numb 发麻
masochistic 自讨苦吃的，自找罪受的
taste 味道
sour 酸的
bitter 苦的
sensation 感觉
trigger 引发，触发
chemical compound 化合物
capsaicin 辣椒素
contain 含有
trick 使产生错觉
temper 使缓和
release 释放
endorphin 内啡肽
conscious 有意的
rational being 理性的动物
derive 获得，得到
thrill-seeking 寻求刺激的
benign masochism 良性自虐，从不适中得到享受
develop a taste for 养成吃…的习惯
cultivate 种植
intervention 干预
content 含量
going strong 依旧强烈

测验与练习

1.  阅读课文并回答问题。

1. True or False? Spicy is a taste.

2. What's the name of the chemical compound found in chilli peppers?

3. Why do we feel pleasure when eating chilli peppers?

4. How is eating chilli similar to skydiving?

5. True or False? Lots of mammals like the sensation of capsaicin.

2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. I love the _______ of ginger. I cook with it all the time!

taste                       sour                      bitter                  sensation

2. The smell of cinnamon always _______ memories of my grandmother.

triggers                   contains               tricks                  releases

3. Excuse me, does this dish _______ nuts? I'm allergic.

release                   content                 contain               derive

4. Human _______ are social creatures – we need the company of others.

thrill-seeking           tastes                   beings                benign-masochism

5. Our son has _______ peanut butter. He can't get enough!

gone numb             gong strong          cultivated           developed a taste for

答案

1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 

1. True or False? Spicy is a taste.
False. Spicy is a sensation.

2. What's the name of the chemical compound found in chilli peppers?
Capsaicin.

3. Why do we feel pleasure when eating chilli peppers?
The endorphins the body releases to temper the burning sensation, as well as the ingredients chilli peppers are often cooked or eaten with, give pleasure.

4. How is eating chilli similar to skydiving?
It's a form of thrill-seeking or 'benign masochism', where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.

5. True or False? Lots of mammals like the sensation of capsaicin.
False. Humans are one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin.

2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。

1. I love the taste of ginger. I cook with it all the time!

2. The smell of cinnamon always triggers memories of my grandmother.

3. Excuse me, does this dish contain nuts? I'm allergic.

4. Human beings are social creatures – we need the company of others.

5. Our son has developed a taste for peanut butter. He can't get enough!